{"id":5869,"date":"2024-11-23T21:15:22","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T21:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/?p=5869"},"modified":"2024-11-25T10:59:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T10:59:53","slug":"when-is-equal-pay-day-in-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/when-is-equal-pay-day-in-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Pay Gaps #31 &#8211; When is Equal Pay Day in 2024?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"article-editor-content__paragraph article-editor-content__has-focus\">When is <strong>#EqualPayDay<\/strong> in the UK in 2024?<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-editor-content__paragraph\">No-one knows is the correct answer.\u00a0 That&#8217;s because there are no national measurements of the extent of unequal pay in the UK e.g. a woman being paid less than a man for the doing the same job.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-editor-content__paragraph\">If you see anyone talking about &#8220;<span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>Equal Pay Day<\/em><\/span>&#8220;, they are in fact talking about <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>#GenderPayGapDay<\/strong><\/span>, the day on which the typical women &#8220;<em><span style=\"color: #993300;\">starts working for free&#8221;<\/span><\/em> when compared with the typical man irrespective of what job they are doing.\u00a0 Of course, as everyone knows, <a href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/pay-gap-12-conflating-equal-pay-with-gender-pay-gap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gender pay gaps do not measure the extent of unequal pay in any shape or form<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For 2024, the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ONS<\/strong> <\/span>(Office of National Statistics) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/employmentandlabourmarket\/peopleinwork\/earningsandworkinghours\/datasets\/allemployeesashetable1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has published 30 different gender pay gap statistics<\/a>.\u00a0 This means we could have 30 different gender pay gap days\u00a0so how do we decide which one to use?<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Where to find 30 gender pay gaps<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ONS<\/strong><\/span> use their <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ASHE<\/strong><\/span> (<strong>Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings<\/strong>) to estimate pay by sex as of April 5th of each year.\u00a0 For more details on <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ASHE<\/strong><\/span> and links to the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ONS <\/strong><\/span>website, please read my article &#8220;<span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em><strong><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/when-will-the-gender-pay-gap-disappear\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Are we there yet?<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/span>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>These estimates are typically published at the end of October of each year in two different places &#8211;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/employmentandlabourmarket\/peopleinwork\/earningsandworkinghours\/bulletins\/genderpaygapintheuk\/latest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Gender Pay Gap in the UK<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; this is an annual report showing some of the 30 pay gap statistics broken down by a variety of categories.\u00a0 The most common pay gap quoted is based on median hourly pay excluding overtime.\u00a0 However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/redir\/eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6MSwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZW1wbG95bWVudGFuZGxhYm91cm1hcmtldC9wZW9wbGVpbndvcmsvZWFybmluZ3NhbmR3b3JraW5naG91cnMvZGF0YXNldHMvYW5udWFsc3VydmV5b2Zob3Vyc2FuZGVhcm5pbmdzYXNoZWdlbmRlcnBheWdhcHRhYmxlcyIsImxpc3RUeXBlIjoicmVsYXRlZGRhdGEifQ.YA4gHD6SmTvfsltmEAanj27x1RupdSvxWkJJRV1hTlo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the main data download here<\/a> only shows the pay gap, not the pay figures by sex used to calculate the pay gap.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/employmentandlabourmarket\/peopleinwork\/earningsandworkinghours\/datasets\/allemployeesashetable1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pay &amp; Hours Data by Sex<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; here you can download a zipped file of spreadsheets containing the data used to calculate the 30 pay gap statistics.\u00a0 In addition, these files also show the percentiles of the distributions of men and women&#8217;s pay which is data I have not yet made use of.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>All charts and tables in the article are based on Pay &amp; Hours Data link above.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>How did the ONS arrive at 30 pay gap statistics?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The <strong>30<\/strong> statistics are the outcome of every combination of these three factors &#8211;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2 Calculations<\/strong> &#8211; Median or Mean pay<\/li>\n<li><strong>3 Populations<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Full-time, Part-Time or All employees<\/li>\n<li><strong>5 Pay Periods<\/strong> &#8211; Annual\/Weekly\/Hourly Gross pay or Weekly\/Hourly pay excluding overtime<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each combination is calculated separately for men and woman plus for all employees.\u00a0 The ONS calculate the gender pay gap as the difference between the pay of men and the pay of women expressed as a percentage of the man&#8217;s pay.\u00a0 I am not a fan of this format and I prefer to calculate the pay ratio by dividing the woman&#8217;s pay by the man&#8217;s pay.\u00a0 This ratio allows me to say for every <strong>\u00a31<\/strong> paid to the typical man, the typical woman is <strong>\u00a3x.yz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>10 Gender Pay Gap Days for ALL UK Employees in 2024<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Here are the 10 sets of calculations for <strong>all employees<\/strong> in 2024.\u00a0 For information, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ASHE<\/strong><\/span> does not include the self-employed and the figures shown are intended to represent the estimated <strong>28 million<\/strong> people in paid employment in the UK.\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ONS<\/strong> <\/span>estimate the ratio of men to women for this population is essentially <strong>50:50<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The table shows first <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">the five median pay estimates for men and women in blue<\/span> followed by the <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">five mean (or average) pay estimates for men and women in red<\/span>.\u00a0 The pay ratio (<strong>W:M<\/strong>) and <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ONS<\/strong><\/span> gender pay gap (<strong>GPG<\/strong>) calculation is then shown followed by the date of <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Gender Pay Gap Day<\/span><\/strong> if those figures were used.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5871\" src=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-All.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"663\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-All.png 663w, https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-All-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-All-450x187.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>How is gender pay gap day calculated?\u00a0 2024 was a leap year with <strong>366<\/strong> days so I first multiply <strong>366<\/strong> by the pay ratio <strong>W:M<\/strong> (women&#8217;s pay divided by man&#8217;s pay).\u00a0 This calculation is a variant on my pay ratio calculation whereby for every <strong>366<\/strong> days the man is paid, the woman is paid for <strong>Y<\/strong> days.\u00a0 I then add <strong>1<\/strong> day to get the date on which the typical woman &#8220;<em>starts working for free<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>I will illustrate with the row highlighted in green in the table which uses <strong>median hourly pay excluding overtime<\/strong>.\u00a0 For every <strong>\u00a31<\/strong> paid to the median man, the median woman is paid <strong>87p<\/strong> or <strong>13%<\/strong> less.\u00a0 The equates to <strong>366 x 15.87 \/ 18.26 = 318.1<\/strong> days into 2024 which turns out to be <strong>13th November.<\/strong>\u00a0 This is the date the median woman is &#8220;<em>paid up to<\/em>&#8221; which means the median woman &#8220;<em>starts working for free<\/em>&#8221; from the <strong>14th November<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The reason I highlight that row is it&#8217;s the pay gap statistic most commonly quoted by the <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>ONS<\/strong><\/span> and other commentators when considering pay gaps.\u00a0 That doesn&#8217;t make it the &#8220;official&#8221; or &#8220;right&#8221; statistic, it just happens to be the statistic that has become the default measure of pay gaps.\u00a0 Personally, I prefer to use median annual gross pay as the starting point of discussions about gender pay disparities since that pay gap (<strong>28%<\/strong> in 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/why-the-nhs-holds-back-gender-equality\/\">is closer to capturing all the factors and choices people make<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>10 Gender Pay Gap Days for FULL TIME Employees in 2024<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Here are the 10 sets of calculations for <strong>UK full time employees<\/strong> in 2024.\u00a0 The ONS define a full time employee as anyone whose contracted hours are <strong>30 or more<\/strong> per week.\u00a0 ONS estimate there are just over <strong>20 million<\/strong> people in paid full time employment with approximately <strong>11.5 million<\/strong> men and <strong>8.5 million<\/strong> women.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5872\" src=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-FT.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"663\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-FT.png 663w, https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-FT-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-FT-450x187.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The highlighted row is what the Fawcett Society chose to use for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fawcettsociety.org.uk\/equal-pay-day-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">their official &#8220;Equal Pay Day&#8221; in 2024<\/a>.\u00a0 This raises the question why did they choose this statistic and not one of the other 29?\u00a0 In a downloadable 15-page PDF report available from the link just given, they gave this justification on halfway down on page 3 &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>&#8220;F<span style=\"color: #993300;\">awcett uses the mean hourly gender pay gap for full-time workers (11.3% in 2024) to calculate the date of <\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Equal Pay Day because this figure captures the full impact of men being more likely to be very high earners.<\/span>&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In other words, they decided to use a figure that maximises what they perceive the typical man to be earning.\u00a0 Personally, I would use the exact same justification to not use the mean.\u00a0 All statisticians will tell you the mean is susceptible to extreme outliers (Premier League football club pay gaps illustrate this perfectly).\u00a0 Whilst it has its place in statistical analysis, if one is trying to portray the &#8220;typical&#8221; man\/woman when the underlying distribution of pay is known to be highly asymmetrical or skewed, the median is generally preferred to the mean.\u00a0 Indeed the Fawcett Society accept this point two paragraphs on from the above quote when they refer to median after tax monthly pay &#8220;<em><span style=\"color: #993300;\">&#8230;<\/span> because this best reflects the tangible, average amount in the pockets of the typical woman or man.<\/em>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong>10 Gender Pay Gap Days for PART TIME Employees in 2024<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Here are the 10 sets of calculations for <strong>UK part time employees<\/strong> in 2024.\u00a0 The ONS define a part time employee as anyone whose contracted hours are <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>under 30 <\/strong><\/span>per week.\u00a0 ONS estimate there are <strong>7.5\u00a0million<\/strong> people in paid part time employment with approximately <strong>2.0 million<\/strong> men and <strong>5.5 million<\/strong> women.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5873\" src=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-PT.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"663\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-PT.png 663w, https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-PT-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ONS-ASHE-2024-PT-450x166.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If there was a counterpart to the Fawcett Society who wished to choose a statistic to best highlight the plight of men, the highlighted row of median gross weekly pay would be their best option.\u00a0 This shows the largest pay gap whereby for every <strong>\u00a31<\/strong> paid gross per week to the median man, the median woman is paid <strong>\u00a31.13<\/strong> or <strong>13%<\/strong> more.\u00a0 Gender Pay Gap Day for this statistic is <strong>17th February<\/strong> which now has the meaning that from the start of the year to the 16th February, the median part time man is &#8220;<span style=\"color: #666699;\"><em>working for free<\/em><\/span>&#8221; and only &#8220;<span style=\"color: #666699;\"><em>starts to be paid<\/em><\/span>&#8221; from the 17th February.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>So When is Gender Pay Gap Day?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The answer should be obvious by now.\u00a0 If it is possible to have one gender pay gap day that shows a disadvantage for women in November and another gender pay gap day that shows a disadvantage for men in February, then perhaps the pay gap statistic is not telling you much in the first place.\u00a0 Regular readers of my blog will know that I constantly bang on <a href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/why-the-dwp-median-gender-pay-gap-is-not-zero\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the need to analyse representation gaps<\/a> and not pay gaps.\u00a0 The ONS pay gap statistics were designed by statisticians for statisticians and <a href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/pay-gaps-no-gender-or-ethnicity-pay-gap-in-2029\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were never designed for intelligent conversations about gender disparities<\/a>.\u00a0 Perhaps we should have <strong>30<\/strong> gender pay gap days each year just to drive this point home?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">&#8212; Would you like to comment on this article? &#8212;-<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Please do leave your comments on either of these <span style=\"color: #008000;\">X\/<strong>Twitter <\/strong><\/span>or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/nigelmarriottcstat_pay-gaps-31-when-is-equal-pay-day-in-2024-activity-7266767446022270976-NRys?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>LinkedIn<\/strong><\/span><\/a> threads.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">&#8212; Subscribe to my newsletter to receive more articles like this one! &#8212;-<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>If you would like to receive notifications from me of news, articles and offers relating to diversity &amp; pay gaps, please <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/subscribe-to-our-newsletter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">click here to go to my Newsletter Subscription page<\/a><\/strong><\/span> and tick the <strong>Diversity<\/strong> category and other categories that may be of interest to you.\u00a0 You will be able to unsubscribe at anytime.<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>&#8212; Want to know more about pay gaps?\u00a0 &#8212;<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>You will find a full list of my pay gap &amp; diversity related articles <span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/stats-training-materials-pay-gap-analytics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here which are grouped by theme<\/a><\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>&#8212; Need help with understanding your pay gap? &#8212;<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>I offer the following services.\u00a0 Please click on the headings for more details.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/pay-gap-analytics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Analysis<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <\/a>&#8211; I can dig deep into your data to identify the key drivers of your pay gaps.\u00a0 I can build a model using a large number of variables such as pay band, seniority, job function, location, etc and use this to identify the priority areas for closing your gaps.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/introduction-to-pay-gap-analytics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Training<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a> &#8211; I run training courses in basic statistics which are designed for non-statisticians such as people working in HR.\u00a0 The courses will show you how to perform the relevant calculations in Microsoft Excel, how to interpret what they mean for you and how to incorporate these in an action plan to close your gaps.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/expert-witness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Expert Witness<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a> &#8211; Has your gender pay gap data uncovered an issue resulting in legal action?\u00a0 Need an expert independent statistician who can testify whether the data supports or contradicts a claim of discrimination?\u00a0 I have experience of acting as an expert witness for either plaintiff or defendant and I know how to testify and explain complex data in simple language that can be easily understood by non-statisticians.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If you would like to have a no-obligation discussion about how I can help you, <strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><a style=\"color: #008000;\" href=\"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">please do contact me<\/a><\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When is #EqualPayDay in the UK in 2024? No-one knows is the correct answer.\u00a0 That&#8217;s because there are no national measurements of the extent of unequal pay in the UK e.g. a woman being paid less than a man for the doing the same job. If you see anyone talking about &#8220;Equal Pay Day&#8220;, they [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[63,334,122,179,257,148],"class_list":{"0":"post-5869","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-diversity","8":"tag-gender-pay-gap","9":"tag-mean","10":"tag-median","11":"tag-ons","12":"tag-pay-gap-data","13":"tag-pay-gaps","14":"entry","15":"override"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5869"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5881,"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5869\/revisions\/5881"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marriott-stats.com\/nigels-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}